Ferrets – Exotic Bird Hospital

Biological Facts

Domestic ferret: Mustella putorius furo
Descended from the European polecat; native to most European countries
Life span: 6 to 10 years
Adult weight: 1.5 to 4.5 lbs (680-2040 gm)
Usually neutered and descented by 5 to 6 weeks of age to prevent disease and reduce odor and aggression

Behavior

Quiet, friendly, and playful
Can be litter box trained
Can be trained to come to a squeaky toy or when called
Sleep 18 to 20 hours a day and are most active in the early morning and evening
Very inquisitive; like to explore and get into tight spaces
Enjoy stealing items and hiding them; also hide food
Require constant supervision when out of the cage to prevent injuries and ingestion of harmful objects or substances
Consider creating “ferret-proofed” area for play: cover openings into walls, behind cabinets, and appliances

Diet

High in fat and protein, low in fiber, carbohydrates, and sugar—ferrets are strict carnivores. It is best to feed a premium commercial diet prepared specifically for ferrets
No dairy products, fruits, vegetables, or foods high in fiber, carbohydrates, or sugar
Several small meals throughout the day
Fresh water daily

Environment

Single- or multi-level, open wire cage with solid floor designed for ferrets (Ferrets are escape artists! Make sure cage doors are secure and ferrets cannot squeeze through any openings in the cage).
- Place the cage in a quiet location and maintain a temperature of 60°F to 80°F (15.5°C to 26.6°C).
Litter box that uses recycled newspaper products or aspen shavings as litter (Avoid cedar and pine shavings, which can irritate the respiratory tract, and clay or clumping cat litter, which may be ingested by ferrets). The litter box should be cleaned daily.
Towel, hammock, blanket, or old shirt for bedding (Do not use tattered items that are unraveling, as these may cause strangulation. To limit musky odor, wash bedding frequently).
Sturdy toys with no small parts that can be chewed and swallowed (Also avoid toys made of foam rubber, latex, or plastic that might be chewed and ingested).

Preventive Care

Complete physical examination every 6 to 12 months
- Consult a veterinarian with experience treating exotic companion mammals if you have any questions or concerns about your ferret’s health
Annual vaccinations for canine distemper virus and rabies
Annual fecal examination for parasites
Examination for ear mites as recommended by your veterinarian
Use of heartworm and flea preventives year-round
Annual dental prophylaxis (cleaning and polishing)
Routine blood tests and measurement of fasting glucose level as recommended by your veterinarian
Trimming of toenails as needed

Common Medical Disorders